The findings of this study also suggest that Complexity Theory (CT), which emphasizes the complex and dynamic nature of intonation, is a theoretical framework that has the potential of bridging the gap between L2 phonology and L2 pronunciation teaching. These results suggest that processing limitations may be the reason why L2 speakers did not use English intonation spontaneously. We did not find differences in L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of contrastive and implicational information at the sentence level, but the two groups of participants differ in their processing of contrastive information in passages and pictures. They also differed in the use of maximum pitch level in signaling sentence stress influenced by contrast, phrasal boundary, and declination. Statistical analysis using linear mixed-effects models showed that L1 English speakers and Mandarin-English L2 speakers differed in their use of acoustic cues in signaling contrastive and implicational information. Using eye-tracking technology, we also investigated (1) L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' real-time processing of lexical items that carry information structure (i.e., contrast) and typically receive stress in L1 speakers' speech (2) the influence of visual enhancement (italics and bold) on L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of contrastive information and (3) L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' processing of pictures with contrastive information. Focusing on contrastive and implicational sentence stress, this study explored the complexity of the English intonation system by investigating how L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers use multiple acoustic features (i.e., pitch range, pitch level, duration, and intensity) in signaling contrastive and implicational information and how one acoustic feature (maximum pitch level) is affected by information structure (contrast), morphosyntactic structure (phrasal boundary), and a phonological phenomenon (declination) in L1 English and Mandarin-English L2 speakers' speech. The structural and functional complexity of the intonational system, however, is largely under-addressed in L2 pronunciation teaching, leading to a lack of spontaneous use of intonation despite successful imitation in classrooms. Phonological research has demonstrated that English intonation, variably referred to as prosody, is a multidimensional and multilayered system situated at the interface of information structure, morphosyntactic structure, phonological phenomena, and pragmatic functions. (PDF) Prosody instruction: intonation challenges for of EFL pre-service teachers. This reflected a need for re-consideration for their preparation. It was then concluded they further lacked focused instruction regarding intonation. Also, they had misconception about the intonation term. Results indicated that, to the majority of the examinees, the term was inaccurate and vague most intonation patterns, except the ‘Fall’ one, were not identified and intonation was not used in their speech. The tools used to attain the aim of the study were (1) an interview with the pre-service teachers addressing the examinees’ intonation instruction status quo and (2) an intonation recorded oral test verifying the examinees’ intonation patterns. The sample consisted of 64 pre-service teachers enrolled at the College of Education in Ismailia, Suez Canal University. in regard to intonation meaning, patterns, use, and problematic areas, and (3) Investigating pre-service teachers’ expectations behind intonation learning. ![]() a phenomenon), and providing strategies for intervention, based on literature review, (2)Assessing the status quo relating to the instruction of intonation to English as a Foreign Language pre-service teachers in Egypt, e.g. This study aimed at (1) Exploring the meaning of intonation, verifying whether or not there was a global problem in English as a Foreign Language intonation instruction(i.e. Much research stresses the importance of English as a Foreign Language intonation instruction for the accuracy of speech.
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